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Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-

RTECS #
KJ2975000
CAS #
71-55-6; 74552-83-3
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
133.40
Molecular Formula
C2H3Cl3
Synonyms
1,1,1-TCE
1,1,1-Trichloorethaan (Dutch)
1,1,1-Trichloraethan (German)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (DOT:OSHA)
1,1,1-Tricloroetano (Italian)
Aerothene TT
alpha-T
alpha-Trichloroethane
Analytical grade 1,1,1-trichloroethane
CF 2
Chloroethene (inhibited)
Chloroform, methyl-
Chlorothene
Chlorothene NU
Chlorothene SM
Chlorothene VG
Chlorten
Ethana NU
F 140a
HCC 140a
ICI-CF 2
Inhibisol
Methyl chloroform
Methyl chloroform (ACGIH:OSHA)
Methylchloroform
Methyltrichloromethane
NCI-C04626
RCRA waste number U226
Solvent 111
Tafclean
Trichloro-1,1,1-ethane (French)
Trichloroethane
Trichloromethylmethane

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
eye /man 450 ppm/8HBJIMAG 28,286,1971
eye /rabbit 100 mg mildAIHAAP 19,353,1958
eye /rabbit 2 mg/24H severe85JCAE -,94,1986
skin /rabbit 5 gm/12D- intermittent mildAIHAAP 19,353,1958
skin /rabbit 20 mg/24H moderate85JCAE -,94,1986

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
Cytogenetic Analysisovary/hamster160 mg/LEMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987
DNA repair/Escherichia coli500 mg/LPMRSDJ 1,195,1981
gene conversion and mitotic recombination/Saccharomyes cerevisiae5350 mg/LMUREAV 397,271,1998
morphological transformembryo/rat99 µmol/LITCSAF 14,290,1978
morphological transformembryo/mouse20 mg/LCALEDQ 28,85,1985
morphological transformkidney/hamster562 mg/LPMRSDJ 1,626,1981
morphological transformembryo/hamster100 µL/plateEVSRBT 25,75,1982
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium10 µg/plate (+/-enzymatic activation step)TECSDY 15,101,1987
mutation in microorganismslymphocyte/mouse31300 µg/L (+enzymatic activation step)EMMUEG 12(Suppl 13),103,1988

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/rat 2100 ppm/6H (1-20D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)JTEHD6 9,251,1982
inhalation/rat 7000 ppm/3H (13-19D pregnant)Reproductive: Other effects on female

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral
NETEEC 21,699,1999
oral/rat 43 mg/kg (1-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) systemTJADAB 29(2),25A,1984

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
In Vitro/Chicken, neurons Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 21390 µmol/L/21HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 7,653,1993
In Vitro/Chicken, neurons Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 3720 µmol/L/21HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 7,653,1993
In Vitro/Chicken, neurons Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 10938 µmol/L/20HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.TIVIEQ 7,653,1993
In Vitro/Chicken, neurons Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 1190 µmol/L/20HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.TIVIEQ 7,653,1993
In Vitro/Human, liver Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 4.83 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 8,47,1994
In Vitro/Human, liver Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 10.55 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 8,47,1994
In Vitro/Human, liver tumor Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 3.6 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.
TIVIEQ 8,47,1994
In Vitro/Human, liver tumor Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 5 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.
TIVIEQ 8,47,1994
In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 6.09 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.
TIVIEQ 8,47,1994
In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 7.35 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.
TIVIEQ 8,47,1994
In Vitro/Mouse, liver Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1.7 mmol/L/2HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)TIVIEQ 3,145,1989
In Vitro/Rat, liver Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2 mmol/L/2HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)TIVIEQ 3,145,1989
In Vitro/Rat, liver Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 4.63 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.
TIVIEQ 8,47,1994
In Vitro/Rat, liver Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.33 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.
TIVIEQ 8,47,1994
In Vitro/Rat, lung Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2.1 gm/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM)TIVIEQ 7,111,1993
In Vitro/Rat, lung Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2.5 gm/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 7,111,1993
In Vitro/Rat, lung Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 1.3 gm/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM)TIVIEQ 7,111,1993
In Vitro/Rat, lung Inhibitor Concentration (75 percent kill): 3 gm/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM)TIVIEQ 7,111,1993
In Vitro/Rat, lung Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 0.68 gm/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 7,111,1993
In Vitro/Rat, lung Inhibitor Concentration (75 percent kill): 5.5 gm/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 7,111,1993
inhalation/cat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 24400 mg/m3GISAAA 35(8),127,1970
inhalation/Dog lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/1HBlood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) countVCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 11000 mg/m3/5MBehavioral: AtaxiaVCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 2730 mg/m3/7HEye: Conjunctiva irritation

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Headache
VCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 5440 mg/m3/15MBehavioral: AtaxiaVCVGH* -,376,1990
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 27200 mg/m3/5MBehavioral: General anestheticVCVGH* -,376,1990
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 920 ppm/70MBehavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Eye: Conjunctiva irritation
AIHAAP 19,353,1958
inhalation/man lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/4HBehavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Irritability
ATSUDG 5,96,1982
inhalation/man lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/4HOlfaction: Other olfaction effectsIAEHDW 72,485,1999
inhalation/man lowest published toxic concentration: 350 ppmBehavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests
WEHRBJ 10,82,1973
inhalation/monkey Lethal concentration: >5000 ppm/7HBehavioral: Tremor

Behavioral: Ataxia
AIHOAX 1,225,1950
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 27000 mg/m3/1HBehavioral: AtaxiaVCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 27000 mg/m3/5HBehavioral: TremorVCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 7031 ppm/30MBehavioral: Alteration of classical conditioningTXAPA9 193,9,2003
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 8000 ppm/30MBehavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning
TXAPA9 193,9,2003
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 12000 ppm/30MPeripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving segmental distribution

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning
TXAPA9 193,9,2003
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/40MBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
JTEHD6 60,331,2000
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 29492 ppm/10MVCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 4000 ppm/30MBehavioral: AtaxiaTOSCF2 56,365,2000
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 12000 ppm/30MBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changesTOSCF2 56,365,2000
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 45000 mg/m3/2HBehavioral: General anestheticVCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation/mouse Lowest published lethal concentration: 65000 mg/m3/2HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depressionVCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 3911 ppm/2HBehavioral: ExcitementSAIGBL 13,226,1971
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.3 pph/4HBehavioral: Alteration of classical conditioningVCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pphBehavioral: General anestheticVCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 8000 ppm/7HLiver: Fatty liver degenerationVCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 72000 mg/m3/16MBehavioral: General anestheticVCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation/rat Lowest published lethal concentration: 98000 mg/m3/5HVCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (20 percent kill): 31000 mg/m3VCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 17000 ppm/4HVCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 14250 ppm/7HVCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 20000 ppm/2HVCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/40MLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
JTEHD6 60,331,2000
intraperitoneal/Dog lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3100 mg/kgLiver: Liver function tests impairedTXAPA9 10,119,1967
intraperitoneal/Dog lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3.1 mL/kgVCVGH* -,374,1990
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 2000 mg/kgBehavioral: Change in psychophysiological testsTXAPA9 279,103,2014
intraperitoneal/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4.9 mg/kgVCVGH* -,374,1990
intraperitoneal/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3.8 mL/kgVCVGH* -,374,1990
intraperitoneal/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3593 mg/kgENVRAL 40,411,1986
intravenous/Dog lowest published lethal dose: 95 mg/kgHBTXAC 5,72,1959
oral/Dog lethal dose (50 percent kill): 750 mg/kgFMCHA2 -,C310,1991
oral/guinea pig lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8600 mg/kgVCVGH* -,374,1990
oral/human lowest published toxic dose: 670 mg/kgGastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Gastrointestinal: Other changes
NTIS** PB257-185
oral/mammal (species unspecified) lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5000 mg/kgVCVGH* -,374,1990
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 6 gm/kgCardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
GNAMAP 29,45,1990
oral/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5660 mg/kgAIHAAP 19,353,1958
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9600 mg/kgCardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
GNAMAP 29,45,1990
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 gm/kgBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)TOSCF2 60,363,2001
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 10.3 gm/kgENTOX* -,380,2005
skin/mammal (species unspecified) lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7000 mg/kgVCVGH* -,374,1990
skin/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 15800 mg/kgAIHAAP 19,353,1958
subcutaneous/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 16 gm/kgBehavioral: Sleep

Behavioral: Ataxia
JPETAB 123,224,1958
subcutaneous/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 16 gm/kgVCVGH* -,374,1990
subcutaneous/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kgHBTXAC 5,72,1959
unreported route/human lowest published lethal dose: 0.7 mL/kgVCVGH* -,376,1990
unreported route/human lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kgGastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting
VCVGH* -,376,1990

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/guinea pig lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/1H/13W- intermittentLiver: Other changesAIHAAP 19,353,1958
inhalation/guinea pig lowest published toxic concentration: 3000 ppm/7H/29D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainAIHOAX 1,225,1950
inhalation/guinea pig lowest published toxic concentration: 650 ppm/7H/58D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainAIHOAX 1,225,1950
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/2H/3W- intermittentBehavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
NEZAAQ 18,175,1963
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 10000 ppm/1H/13W- intermittentLiver: Other changesAIHAAP 19,353,1958
intramuscular/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1200 ppm/30D- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
PHTOEH 67,384,1990
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 8004 mg/kg/6D- intermittentEndocrine: Changes in spleen weight

Immunological Including Allergic: Autoimmune (multiple organ involvement)
NTIS** OTS0557868
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 319 gm/kg/13W- continuousNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainNTPTR* NIH-00-4402
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 45 gm/kg/9D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
TOSCF2 60,363,2001
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 70 gm/kg/14D- intermittentLiver: Liver function tests impairedTOSCF2 60,363,2001
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 109 gm/kg/13W- continuousKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)NTPTR* NIH-00-4402

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 350 ppm;short term exposure limit 450 ppmDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogenDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate EvidenceIMEMDT 20,515,1979
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate EvidenceIMEMDT 71,881,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human No Adequate DataIMEMDT 20,515,1979
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human Inadequate EvidenceIMEMDT 71,881,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Group 3IMEMDT 71,881,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFAZMAE 18,365,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWEATR** EB-TR-75047
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWAIHAAP 40(3),A46,1979
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 543,201,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWCHHSA* 9,32,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWDIMON* 39,678,1993
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWENTOX* -,380,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 25,192,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHUTOX* -,683,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHUTOX* -,577,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNCLNA* 16,503,1998
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNTAPM* -,629,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 802,1,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNETEEC 52,68,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWRTOPDW 54,247,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWRTOPDW 59,364,2011

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATIONFEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDESCancelledRBREV* -,262,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3)DTLVS* 3,161,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAtime-weighted average 100 ppm (555 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 200 ppm (1110 mg/m3), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIAMAK-TMW 100 ppm (555 mg/m3);KZW 200 ppm (1110 mg/m3), skin, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMtime-weighted average 100 ppm (555 mg/m3), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMshort term exposure limit 200 ppm (1110 mg/m3), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARKtime-weighted average 50 ppm (275 mg/m3), MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-ECtime-weighted average 555 mg/m3 (100 ppm);short term exposure limit 1110 mg/m3 (200 ppm), JUN2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLANDtime-weighted average 100 ppm (550 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 200 ppm (1100 mg/m3), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 100 ppm (555 mg/m3), VLE 200 ppm (1110 mg/m3), FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANYMAK 200 ppm (1100 mg/m3), 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARYtime-weighted average 555 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 1110 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELANDtime-weighted average 50 ppm (275 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 200 ppm (1110 mg/m3), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPANOccupational Exposure Limit 200 ppm (1100 mg/m3), MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAtime-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 450 ppm (2450 mg/m3), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICOtime-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 450 ppm (2460 mg/m3), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDtime-weighted average 125 ppm (680 mg/m3), JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAYtime-weighted average 50 ppm (270 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERUtime-weighted average 350 ppm (1910 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 450 ppm (2455 mg/m3), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDMAC(time-weighted average) 300 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 1400 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIAshort term exposure limit 20 mg/m3, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDENtime-weighted average 50 ppm (300 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 90 ppm (500 mg/m3), JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDceiling concentration 200 ppm (1080 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDSMAC-TGG 555 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINEStime-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEYtime-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOMtime-weighted average 100 ppm (555 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 200 ppm (1110 mg/m3), OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)8H time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)8H time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3)CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)8H time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)8H time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE-airceiling concentration 350 ppm/15MNIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code 46970; Number of Industries 417; Total Number of Facilities 120527; Number of Occupations 243; Total Number of Employees Exposed 2528300; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 762399
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974Hazard Code 46970; Number of Industries 412; Total Number of Facilities 109850; Number of Occupations 205; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1511801

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/95/264396)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Mammalian micronucleus
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULEFEREAC 47,26992,82
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);inadequate studies:mouse,ratNCITR* NCI-TR-3,1977
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, halogenated, 1003
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1996: Volatile organic compound, 2549
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 27, 1978
NTP Carcinogenesis studies; test completed (post peer review), October 2000
NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-45, October 2000
On EPA IRIS database
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #14
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018