NIOSH logo and tagline

Chromium(VI) oxide (1:3)

RTECS #
GB6650000
CAS #
1333-82-0; 12324-05-9; 12324-08-2
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
100.00
Molecular Formula
CrO3
Synonyms
Anhydride chromique (French)
Anidride cromica (Italian)
Chrome (trioxyde de) (French)
Chromia (CrO3)
Chromic anhydride
Chromium oxide (Cr4O12)
Chromium trioxide
Chromium(6+) trioxide
Chromium(VI) oxide
Chromsaeureanhydrid (German)
Chromtrioxid (German)
Chroomtrioxyde (Dutch)
Chroomzuuranhydride (Dutch)
Cromo(triossido di) (Italian)
Monochromium trioxide
Puratronic chromium trioxide

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
Cytogenetic Analysisleukocyte/human2 mg/LSAIGBL 18,136,1976
Cytogenetic Analysisoral/mouse20 mg/kgMUREAV 301,33,1993
Cytogenetic Analysismammary gland/mouse1 µmol/L/48HMUREAV 67,221,1979
Cytogenetic Analysisembryo/hamster68 µg/LMUREAV 46,87,1977
Cytogenetic Analysisovary/hamster250 µg/LTXCYAC 17,219,1980
DNA Damageother cell types/cattle5 mg/L/45MMUREAV 750,105,2013
DNA Damageunreported route/non-mammalian species0.25 mmol/LTOXRE* 1,894,2014
DNA repair/Salmonella typhimurium50 mmol/LTOLED5 7,439,1981
DNA repair/Escherichia coli18700 ng/wellMUREAV 133,161,1984
DNA repair/Bacillus subtilis50 mmol/LTOLED5 7,439,1981
micronucleus testovary/hamster1 µmol/LEMMUEG 17(Suppl 19),32,1991
micronucleus testintraperitoneal/mouse20 mg/kgEMS37* -,460,2006
morphological transformfibroblast/human100 nmol/LCNREA8 47,3815,1987
mutation in mammalian somatic cellsovary/hamster6 µmol/LCRNGDP 13,2053,1992
mutation in microorganisms/Escherichia coli8 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step)MUREAV 66,357,1979
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium1 mmol/L (+enzymatic activation step)TOLED5 8,195,1981
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium10 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)AEMIDF 33,805,1977
other mutation test systems/Escherichia coli1500 nmol/tubeENMUDM 8,571,1986
sister chromatid exchangeovary/hamster250 µg/LTXCYAC 17,219,1980
sister chromatid exchangefibroblast/hamster320 µg/LMUREAV 104,141,1982
specific locus testintraperitoneal/Drosophila melanogaster300 ppmCYTOAN 51,421,1986
specific locus testoral/Drosophila melanogaster1 mmol/LMUREAV 266,197,1992
specific locus testunreported route/Drosophila melanogaster2.5 mmol/L/24HMUREAV 536,139,2003

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
intravenous/hamster 5 mg/kg (8D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Homeostasis

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system
ENVRAL 16,101,1978
intravenous/hamster 7500 µg/kg (8D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system
ENVRAL 16,101,1978
intravenous/hamster 7500 µg/kg (8D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Homeostasis
TJADAB 9,A17,1974
intravenous/hamster 8 mg/kg (8D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Body wallANREAK 199,89A,1981
intravenous/hamster 8 mg/kg (8D pregnant)Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalitiesVCVN5* -,301,1989
subcutaneous/mouse 20 mg/kg (8D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
SEIJBO 19,171,1979

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
implant/rat lowest published toxic dose: 125 mg/kgTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application
AIHAAP 20,274,1959
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 110 µg/m3/3Y- continuousTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Olfaction: Tumors

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors
AGGHAR 13,528,1955
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 3480 µg/m3/2H/1Y- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Olfaction: Tumors
SAIGBL 29,17,1987

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 110 µg/m3YAKUD5 22,291,1980
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kgReproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)ETOPFR 15,53,2003
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kgLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases
ETOPFR 17,117,2004
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kgREPTED 22,91,2006
intraperitoneal/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 14 mg/kgNEZAAQ 34,193,1979
intraperitoneal/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 58400 µg/kgINJPD2 23,153,1991
intravenous/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 17100 µg/kgINJPD2 23,153,1991
intravenous/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9260 µg/kgINJPD2 23,153,1991
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 127 mg/kgCHYCDW 14,86,1980
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 80 mg/kgLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair
TRENAF 27,119,1976
skin/rat lowest published lethal dose: 55 mg/kgBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other
NTIS** OTS0537097
subcutaneous/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 10.2 mg/kgBehavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight
ETOPFR 27,259,2009
subcutaneous/mouse lowest published lethal dose: 20 mg/kgSEIJBO 19,171,1979

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 29 µg/m3/20H/90D- intermittentBehavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cabonic anhydrase
GISAAA 28(11),9,1963
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.03 mg/m3/24H/90D- continuousPeripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve

Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes
VCVN5* -,302,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/4H/28W- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema
VCVN5* -,302,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.2 mg/m3/1W- intermittentBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)ARTODN 78,363,2004
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 mg/m3/13W- intermittentBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Plasma proteins not involving coagulation
ARTODN 78,363,2004
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1.25 mg/m3/13W- intermittentBlood: Hemorrhage

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
ARTODN 78,363,2004

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 23,205,1980
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 23,205,1980
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 49,49,1990
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 100C,164,2012
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Limited EvidenceIMEMDT 49,49,1990
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 100C,164,2012
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Group 1IMEMDT 49,49,1990
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Group 1IMEMDT 100C,164,2012
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW85DHAX Cr,22,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWCRTXB2 33,215,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWCRTOEC 18,3,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWENTOX* -,602,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 659,60,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHBTME* ,213,2007

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 0.5 mg(Cr)/m3DTLVS* 3,35,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAtime-weighted average 0.05 mg(Cr)/m3, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMtime-weighted average 0.01 mg(Cr)/m3, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARKtime-weighted average 0.005 mg(Cr)/m3, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLANDtime-weighted average 0.05 mg(CrO4)/m3, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 0.05 mg(Cr)/m3, VLE 0.1 mg(Cr)/m3, C1 Carcinogen, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARYceiling concentration 0.05 mg/m3, Carcinogen, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPANOccupational Exposure Limit 0.05 mg(Cr)/m3, a2 sen, s1 sen, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDtime-weighted average 0.05 mg(Cr)/m3, sen, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAYtime-weighted average 0.02 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDtime-weighted average 0.1 mg(Cr)/m3, short term exposure limit 0.3 mg(Cr)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIAtime-weighted average 0.01 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 0.03 mg/m3, Skin, Carcinogen, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDENtime-weighted average 0.005 mg(Cr)/m3;short term exposure limit 0.015 mg(Cr)/m3, Carcinogen, Sen, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDMAK-week 0.05 mg(Cr)/m3, carc 1, inhal, skin, sen, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOMtime-weighted average 0.05 mg(Cr)/m3, carc, sen, OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)ceiling concentration 0.1 mg(CrO3)/m3CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)ceiling concentration 0.1 mg(CrO3)/m3CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)ceiling concentration 0.1 mg(CrO3)/m3CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)ceiling concentration 0.1 mg(CrO3)/m3CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO CHROMIUM(VI)-air10H Carcinogen time-weighted average 0.001 mg(Cr)/m3NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code 19430; Number of Industries 55; Total Number of Facilities 2873; Number of Occupations 65; Total Number of Employees Exposed 68271; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 11533
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974Hazard Code 19430; Number of Industries 28; Total Number of Facilities 1253; Number of Occupations 44; Total Number of Employees Exposed 20618

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: B subtilis rec assay; Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; In vitro cytogenetics-nonhuman
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Known to be a human carcinogen
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018