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Chlorine oxide

RTECS #
FO3000000
CAS #
10049-04-4
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Updated
December 2017
Molecular Weight
67.45
Molecular Formula
ClO2
Synonyms
Alcide
Anthium dioxcide
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine dioxide (ACGIH:OSHA)
Chlorine peroxide
Chlorine(IV) oxide
Chloroperoxyl
Chloryl radical
Doxcide 50

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
eye /rabbit 100 mg mildJJATDK 2,160,1982

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
DNA Damagemultiple/other fish1.63 mg/L/3HMUREAV 557,119,2004
DNA Damagemultiple/other fish0.1 ppm/72H-continuousMUREAV 587,103,2005
DNA Damageleukocyte/human0.2 ppm/1HMUTAEX 19,157,2004
DNA inhibitionoral/rat84 mg/kg/12W-continuousJEPOEC 6(1),105,1985
micronucleus testintraperitoneal/mouse3200 µg/kgFCTOD7 26,487,1988
micronucleus testmultiple/other fish1.64 mg/L/20D-continuousMUREAV 557,119,2004
micronucleus testmultiple/other fish0.1 ppm/72H-continuousMUREAV 587,103,2005
micronucleus testmultiple/other fish1.64 mg/L/20D-continuousMUREAV 729,81,2012
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium400 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)FCTOD7 22,623,1984
mutation in microorganisms/Saccharomyes cerevisiae10 ppm/2H (+enzymatic activation step)MUTAEX 19,157,2004

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
oral/rat 960 mg/kg (76D prior to copulation/1-20D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)
JJATDK 3,75,1983
oral/rat 570 mg/kg (14D pre-21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical
NTIS** PB85-245983
oral/rat 1130 mg/kg (8W male/2W pre-3W after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolicTJADAB 35,43A,1987
oral/mouse 840 mg/kg (1-21D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)EVHPAZ 46,31,1982
oral/rat 92 mg/kg (10W prior to copulation/22D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal systemVCVN5* -,381,1989

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/cat lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3Eye: Conjunctiva irritation

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough
VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 3 mg/m3Eye: Conjunctiva irritationVCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) Lowest published lethal concentration: 200 mg/m3/15MLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changesVCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): >547 gm/m3WDZAEK 9,201,1995
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3Eye: Conjunctiva irritation

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough
VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/rabbit lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3Eye: Conjunctiva irritation

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough
VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3Eye: Conjunctiva irritation

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough
VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/rat Lowest published lethal concentration: 260 ppm/2HOlfaction: Other olfaction effects

Eye: Other eye effects
AMIHAB 15,101,1957
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): >5 gm/kgWDZAEK 9,201,1995
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 0.08 mg/kgBlood: Changes in bone marrow not included in aboveTOVEFN (6),19,2007
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 292 mg/kgBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair
JJATDK 2,160,1982
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 140 mg/kgVCVN5* -,380,1989
Tank with water/other fish Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1.64 mg/L/10DBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes
MUREAV 729,81,2012
unreported route/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 140 mg/kgGISAAA 36(11),18,1971

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/rabbit lowest published toxic concentration: 7 mg/m3/7H/30D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changesVCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/rabbit lowest published toxic concentration: 13 mg/m3/2H/30D- intermittentOlfaction: Other olfaction effects

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 13 mg/m3/2H/30D- intermittentOlfaction: Other olfaction effects

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 10 ppm/4H/14D- intermittentOlfaction: Other olfaction effects

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
AMIHAB 15,101,1957
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 7 mg/m3/7H/30D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changesVCVN5* -,380,1989
multiple/non-mammalian species lowest published toxic dose: 0.2 ppm/72H-continuousRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldMUREAV 587,103,2005
oral/monkey lowest published toxic dose: 140 mg/kg/4W- continuousEndocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunctionVCVN5* -,381,1989
oral/monkey lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg/8W- continuousEndocrine: Evidence of thyroid hyperfunctionVCVN5* -,381,1989
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 365 mg/kg/1Y- continuousBlood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells

Blood: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
JEPOEC 6(1),105,1985
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 0.546 mg/kg/26W- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
TOVEFN (6),19,2007
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 18.2 mg/kg/26W- intermittentEndocrine: Changes in adrenal weight

Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
TOVEFN (6),19,2007
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1.82 mg/kg/26W- intermittentCardiac: Change in rateTOVEFN (6),19,2007

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.1 ppm;short term exposure limit 0.3 ppmDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 564,179,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWENTOX* -,555,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 721,27,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTXAPA9 254,100,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTXCYAC 307,3,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNETEEC 52,25,2015

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATIONFEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDESSupportedRBREV* -,301,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3)DTLVS* 3,46,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.28 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.83 mg/m3), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIAMAK-TMW 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3);KZW 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.28 mg/m3), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMshort term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.84 mg/m3), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARKtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLANDtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.28 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.84 mg/m3), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), VLE 0.3 ppm (0.8 mg/m3), FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANYMAK 0.1 ppm (0.28 mg/m3), 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELANDtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.9 mg/m3), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICOtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.9 mg/m3), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.28 mg/m3), JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAYtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERUtime-weighted average 0,1 ppm (0,28 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 0,3 ppm (0,83 mg/m3), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDMAC(time-weighted average) 0.3 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 0.9 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIAshort term exposure limit 0.1 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDENtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), ceiling concentration 0.3 ppm (0.8 mg/m3), JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDceiling concentration 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILANDtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINEStime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEYtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOMtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.28 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.84 mg/m3), OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3)CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO CHLORINE DIOXIDE-air10H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm;short term exposure limit 0.3 ppmNIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code 18045; Number of Industries 7; Total Number of Facilities 236; Number of Occupations 12; Total Number of Employees Exposed 7892; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 4348

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
On EPA IRIS database
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID202
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018