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Benzene, m-dinitro-

RTECS #
CZ7350000
CAS #
99-65-0
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
168.12
Molecular Formula
C6H4N2O4
Synonyms
1,3-Dinitrobenzene
1,3-Dinitrobenzol
2,4-Dinitrobenzene
Benzene, 1,3-dinitro-
Binitrobenzene
Dwunitrobenzen (Polish)
m-Dinitrobenzene
m-Dinitrobenzene (ACGIH:OSHA)

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
eye /rabbit 100 mgATDAEI 1,168,1992

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
DNA Damagetestis/rat0.04 µmol/LEMMUEG 44,179,2004
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium3300 ng/plate (+enzymatic activation step)ENMUDM 2,531,1980
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium50 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)MUREAV 44,9,1977
other mutation test systems/Salmonella typhimurium12500 µg/LMUREAV 272,91,1992

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
intraperitoneal/rat 10 µg/kg (1D male)Reproductive: Other effects on maleREPTED 14,45,2000
oral/mouse 48 mg/kg (1D male)Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct
JTEHD6 28,67,1989
oral/rat 24 mg/kg (1D male)Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct
FAATDF 14,284,1990
oral/rat 33600 µg/kg (16W prior to copulation)Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubesJTEHD6 7,829,1981
oral/rat 48 mg/kg (1D male)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)FAATDF 14,284,1990
oral/rat 90 mg/kg (12W male)Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)JTEHD6 19,477,1986

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
In Vitro/Human, endocrine tumor Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays

Endocrine: Estrogenic
TOLED5 213,275,2012
In Vitro/paaInhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mmol/L/24HNETEEC 32,362,2011
In Vitro/paaInhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mmol/L/45MIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysNETEEC 32,362,2011
In Vitro/paaInhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mmol/L/5HNETEEC 32,362,2011
In Vitro/paxInhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.NRTXDN 37,74,2013
In Vitro/paxInhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM)NRTXDN 37,74,2013
In Vitro/Rat, testis Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 µmol/L/48HReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm ductTIVIEQ 1,31,1987
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published lethal dose: 200 mg/kgJAPMA8 48,419,1959
intraperitoneal/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 28 mg/kgAEPPAE 207,446,1949
intravenous/Dog lethal dose (50 percent kill): 10 mg/kgPeripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia
NTIS** AD-A066-307
oral/cat lowest published lethal dose: 27 mg/kgBehavioral: Coma

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis

Blood: Other hemolysis with or without anemia
LANCAO 2,582,1901
oral/Dog lowest published lethal dose: 600 mg/kgNTIS** AD-A066-307
oral/human lowest published lethal dose: 28 mg/kg34ZIAG -,226,1969
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 74700 µg/kgBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Tremor

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation
ATDAEI 1,168,1992
oral/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 400 mg/kgNTIS** AD-A066-307
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 59500 µg/kgBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair
ATDAEI 1,168,1992
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kgReproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct
TXAPA9 92,54,1988
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kgBlood: Changes in spleen

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
TXAPA9 92,54,1988
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kgReproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
ARTODN 66,435,1992
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kgKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct
ARTODN 66,435,1992
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 32 mg/kgEndocrine: Androgenic

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
TXAPA9 95,255,1988
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kgBlood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
TOLED5 213,275,2012
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kgReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm ductTXCYAC 290,169,2011
oral/wild bird lethal dose (50 percent kill): 42 mg/kgTXAPA9 21,315,1972
skin/man lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg/2D- intermittentBehavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis
LANCAO 2,582,1901
skin/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1900 mg/kgATDAEI 1,168,1992

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
implant/rat lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg/6D- continuousBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Blood: Hemorrhage
TXAPA9 161,267,1999
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg/2D- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
TOXID9 44,380,2005
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg/4D- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Ataxia

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
NRTXDN 20,83,1999
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 16 mg/kg/4D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
TOLED5 213,275,2012
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 32 mg/kg/4D- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weightTOLED5 213,275,2012
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 700 mg/kg/2W- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
JTSCDR 25,251,2000
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 156 mg/kg/90D- intermittentEndocrine: Changes in spleen weight

Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia
TOXID9 30,200,1996
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 265 mg/kg/8W- continuousBlood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
JTEHD6 7,829,1981
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 296 mg/kg/16W- continuousEndocrine: Changes in spleen weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
JTEHD6 7,829,1981
unreported route/rat lowest published toxic dose: 9 mg/kg/3D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
TOXID9 90,219,2006

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.15 ppm (skin)DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWJTSCDR 25,1,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTOLED5 140-141,105,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 567,347,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 26,185,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWRTOPDW 60,120,2011

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 0.15 ppm (1 mg/m3) (skin)DTLVS* 3,92,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAtime-weighted average 0.15 ppm (1 mg/m3), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARKtime-weighted average 0.15 ppm (1 mg/m3), skin, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLANDtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 3 mg/m3, skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 0.15 ppm (1 mg/m3), FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARYtime-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELANDtime-weighted average 0.15 ppm (1 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPANOccupational Exposure Limit 0.15 ppm (1 mg/m3), skin, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAtime-weighted average 0.15 ppm (1 mg/m3), skin, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDtime-weighted average 0.15 ppm (1 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERUtime-weighted average 0,15 ppm (1 mg/m3), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDENtime-weighted average 0.15 ppm (1 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (2 mg/m3), Skin, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDMAK-week 0.15 ppm (1 mg/m3), KZG-week 0.3 ppm (2 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDSMAC-TGG 1 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOMtime-weighted average 0.15 ppm (1 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 0.5 ppm (3.5 mg/m3), skin, OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)8H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (skin)CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)8H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (skin)CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)8H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (skin)CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)8H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (skin)CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO m-DINITROBENZENE-air10H time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (Sk)NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code 27046; Number of Industries 2; Total Number of Facilities 41; Number of Occupations 4; Total Number of Employees Exposed 2489; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 1914
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974Hazard Code 27046; Number of Industries 2; Total Number of Facilities 184; Number of Occupations 3; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1754

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
On EPA IRIS database
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018