Figure 1. Rotavirus particles visualized by immune electron microscopy in stool filtrate from child with acute gastroenteritis. 70-nm particles possess distinctive double-shelled outer capsid. Bar = 100 nm.

Figure 2. Estimated global distribution of the 800,000 annual deaths caused by rotavirus diarrhea. Reprinted with permission from (8).

Figure 3. Gene coding assignments and three-dimensional structure of rotavirus particles. Double-stranded RNA segments separated on polyacrylamide gel (left) code for individual proteins, which are localized in the schematic of virus particle (center) or in different protein shells of virus (right). Outer capsid proteins VP4 and VP7 are neutralization antigens, which induce neutralizing antibody; protein that makes up intermediate protein shell, VP6, is the subgroup antigen. Reprinted with permission from (4).

Figure 4. Distribution of rotavirus strains from a global collection of 2,748 strains. "Others" includes strains that were not typable. Adapted from (11).

Figure 5. Average time of peak rotavirus activity in the contiguous 48 states, United States, July 1991 to June 1997. This contour plot was derived using the median value for time of peak activity for each laboratory. The surveillance system and analytic methods used to create this map are described in greater detail in (15). + indicates location of laboratories participating in the surveillance system.

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Figure 6. Schematic demonstration of production of rhesus rotavirus (RRV), human rotavirus (HRV) x rhesus rotavirus (RRV)reassortant quadrivalent vaccine with VP7 serotype 1, 2, 3, and 4 specificity. Reprinted with permission from (40).

Figure 7. Percentage of children with adverse reactions during 5 days of surveillance following each of three doses of tetravalent rhesus-rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV) or placebo. A) percentage with fever (as measured by axillary temperatures).*On day 4, 2.2% of RRV-TV recipients vs. 0.2% of placebo recipients became febrile (p = 0.02). B) percentage with diarrhea. C) percentage with vomiting. Adapted from (43).